In this modern era of computers everything needs more speed an high performance. When it comes to hard disk drive people expect more hard disk space and faster access. This paved the way for the invention of SATA HDD also known as Serial ATA, from the regular IDE Hard Disk. SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. They can transfer the data at a speed of 1.5Gbps and it is said the latest SATA can even go up to a speed of 3.0Gbps. They are attached to the motherboard of a computer as like inserting a pen drive in the pen drive slot. Their predecessor IDE was like connecting a hard disk to a computer, which is like connecting a massive storage device and the motherboard has to be more adaptive and should be enhanced to search or retrieve data from it. The power consumption by the SATA disk is far much lesser than a IDE HDD, which means we ca even connect two or more SATA HDD with a normal SMPS in the system while we can not do so in the case of IDE HDD. This is made possible by the usage of new power connector to the Hard Disk which is like wafer connector which is used to make the data cable in the mother board. But it has more pins than the traditional connector, because of various reasons like it needs 5 pins to be grounded etc. SATA uses a point-to-point architecture. The connection between the controller and the storage device is direct. Modern[update] PC systems usually have a SATA controller on the motherboard, or installed in a PCI or PCI Express slot. Some SATA controllers have multiple SATA ports and can be connected to multiple storage devices. There are also port expanders present in it which enables us the option of allowing multiple storage devices to be connected on a single SATA Controller Port. The latest addiction in SATA is the eSATA, standardized in 2004, provides a variant of SATA meant for external connectivity. It has revised electrical requirements in addition to incompatible cables and connectors:
- Minimum transmit potential increased: Range is 500–600 mV instead of 400–600 mV.
- Minimum receive potential decreased: Range is 240–600 mV instead of 325–600 mV.
- Identical protocol and logical signaling (link/transport-layer and above), allowing native SATA devices to be deployed in external enclosures with minimal modification
- A protective case to keep the SATA safe inside it.
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